🧑🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: What does form mean? It’s like a set of options for a user to choose from on a website.

👩🏻‍💻💬 Mentor: Yes, that is true, that is a correct answer. A deeper answer might be form means shape. It’s how we define the shape of data. So, imagine a shape sorter. You put a square thing in the square hole; you put a round thing in the round hole. Each form field is a different shape in the shape sorter lid. That’s what we’re doing when we write forms. We are forming data with fields.

🧑🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: Of course because it makes it easier to sort it out.

👩🏻‍💻💬 Mentor: Yeah, absolutely! Because you know we’re going to post that data to a database. Our database doesn’t know what all these strings mean. We have to define the data. We have to label the data. We have to group it, and we have to do something with it: to post it to a database or in some cases, get it from a database.

So that’s the point of all this.

👩‍💻💬 Trainee: Field? It means like the window is completed with some information. A piece of data.

👩🏻‍💻💬 Mentor: Right! You put a piece into a form field; you just put one thing in there. A form has many fields, and a field is a single piece of data. It is the smallest piece.

So we structure data with forms. And we do that by defining form fields with semantic HTML.

🧑🏻‍💻💬 Trainee: Gathering data you mean? I’d be doing a search…

🧑🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: Can I say? We can structure… an action, a connection.

👩🏻‍💻💬 Mentor: Ooh, that’s a great answer. We can structure interaction. We tell the user, what to put in the form field, and how to put that data in. We structure a really specific kind of interaction. We guide them and tell them what to do. And the way that we structure those interactions is, again, using form fields. Using HTML form elements, attributes, and values.

That’s really important to think about, because when you’re deciding what to write in a form, you need to start with ‘what data do I need.’ It’s better to do that than to try and memorise all the different types of form fields. If you think:

Then look up that last part. That’s more effective than trying to memorise all the different types of form fields.

🧑🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: Yeah, maybe checkbox?

👩🏼‍💻💬 Trainee: radio button.

👨🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: submit input type, could be submit or button itself.

👩🏽‍💻💬 Trainee: autocomplete?

👨🏻‍💻💬 Trainee: I think autocomplete is an attribute, but it’s not itself an element or element type? How about textarea ?

🧑🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: select and option

👨‍💻💬 Trainee: The input of type password…

👩🏻‍💻💬 Mentor: The point being that there are absolutely loads of different form elements!

What you need to focus on is what you’re actually doing. We’re structuring data: you are defining, naming and then grouping data. Keep that goal front and center, then your forms will work well.

🧑🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: Input means to put something in. In this case the data we put in the form.

👩🏻‍💻💬 Mentor: Bang on.

🧑🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: Do you mean validation? Don’t we need JavaScript for that?

🧑🏾‍💻💬 Mentor: We’ll learn about validation with JavaScript later on, but there’s actually a lot of validation built in to HTML. For example, if you put a required attribute on a field, the browser will not let you submit the form until you fill in that field. That’s validation: it checks against rules and rejects the data if it doesn’t meet the rules.

🧑🏽‍💻💬 Mentor: You could say that all the rules you make about what the user can put in a field are also validation. Every type we just named - input type checkbox, input type email, number, date… are rules about data.

I think the difference is that there’s no way to type into a checkbox: there’s no error message, you just can’t do it. If you type your birthday into an email field, the browser will tell you that’s not a valid email address. So one is just impossible to do and the other gives you an error message, and that’s normally what we mean by validation.

👨🏻‍💻💬 Trainee: Because if you don’t validate it, you might not be able to use it?

🧑🏾‍💻💬 Mentor: Right. Forms go wrong when you are vague. You must enforce input with validation, because if users can get it wrong, they will.

👨🏾‍💻💬 Trainee: Oh well then people will write in things that aren’t email addresses?

🧑🏿‍💻💬 Trainee: And you won’t know until you try to send them an email…

👩🏻‍💻💬 Mentor: Yeah they will. You can be absolutely guaranteed that users will do that. You have to save them from themselves, and save your database from your users!